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199 

Copy 1 


Offices Commissioner-General 
for the United States 

TO 


Paris Exposition of i9oo. 


GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 

OF 

THE PARIS EXPOSITION 

OF 

1900 . 


CHICAGO, U. S. A. 


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general classification 

OF 

THE PARIS EXPOSITION 

OF 

1900. 


CHICAGO, U. S. A. 


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General Classification of Exhibits 


for the 

International Exposition of 1900 

AT PARIS. 


GROUP I. 

EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION. 

Class 1. 

Education of Children. 

Primary instruction. 

Legislation, organization, statistics. 

Locations; plans and models; apparatus and fittings. 
School-house furniture. • 

Models and appliances for teaching. 

Normal school training. 

Regime of educational establishments; methods of study; rules, 
curriculums, time-tables, etc. 

Results obtained. 


Class 2. 

Secondary Education. 

(Secondary education for boys; classical teaching; modern instruction. 
Education of girls). 

Legislation, organization, general statistics. 

Locations; plans and models; divisions of instruction. 
School-house furniture. 

Models and appliances for teaching. 

Normal school training. 

Regime of educational establishments; rules, curriculums, time¬ 
tables, special branches, singing, gymnastics, fencing; school games. 



Class 3. * 

Higher Education—Scientific Education. 

Legislation, organization, general statistics of higher education. 
Subjects and institutions of higher education. 

Locations, plans and models, divisions of interior. 

Furniture. 

Apparatus and appliances. 

Normal school training. 

Regime of institutions, curriculums, rules and time-tables, 
methods, etc. 

Results obtained. 

Large scientific institutions. 

Scientific societies. 

Works and publications. 

Object of instruction. 

Class 4. 

Special Artistic Education. 

(Various institutions for artistic and musical education). 

Legislation, organization, general statistics. 

Locations, plans, models, distribution of interior. 

Furniture. 

Apparatus and appliances. 

Professors. 

Regulations, curriculums, rules, time-tables, methods, etc. 

Results obtained. 

Class 5. 

Special Agricultural Education. 

(Higher or scientific, agricultural, veterinary and forestry education; education of 
the 2d degree with theory predominating over practice; education of the 3d 
degree with practice predominating over theory; purely practical education 
in apprentice schools; special schools of technology and farm industry: 
special agricultural education in the normal schools; lyceums, colleges and 
primary schools; instruction by professional visiting lecturers and by illustra¬ 
tive experiments.) 

Legislation, organization, general statistics. 

Locations, plans and models, distribution of interior. 
School-house furniture. 

Apparatus and appliances. 

Normal training. 

Origin of the pupils. 

Regulations of educational institutions, curriculums, rules, time¬ 
tables, methods (theoretical course; experimental and practical 
course). 

Results obtained. 


4 



• Class 6. - 

Special Industrial and Commercial Education. 

Legislation, organization, gcnerat^tatistics! ‘ 

Educational institutions: plans, models, distribution of interior. 
School-house furniture, apparatus and appliances. 

Professors. * . ^ 

Regulations of educational institutions: curriculums, rules, time¬ 
tables, methods. 

Results obtained. 


GROUP II. 

WORKS OF ART.* 

Class 7. 

Paintings—Sketches—drawings. 

Paintings on canvas, on wood, on metal, on porcelain, on enamel, 
on pottery, or various preparations, by all direct processes; in oil, 
distemper, etc. 

Paintings in water colors. Pastels. Fresco paintings, tapest¬ 
ries, stained glass windows. All styles of drawings. 

Class 8. 

Engraving and Lithography. 

Monochrome and polychrome engravings. Pencil and brush 
lithographs; chromo-lithography. 

Class 9.. 

Sculpture and Engravings on Medallions and on Gems. 

Bas-reliefs of figures and animals. Models in plaster, in clay, or 
in wax. Original works and copies in stone, marble, bronze, wood, 
ivory, metal, etc. 

Class 10. 

Architecture. 

Drawings, photographs, and models of finished buildings (public 
or private). Projects of buildings. Restoration from ruins or from 
the descriptions. 

*The above group comprises only fine arts. A special place is reserved 
for decorative arts in other groups. The list of exhibitors competing for awards in 
the classes of industrial arts will be divided into two sections; the one for original 
designs, sketches, models, decorations, etc.; the other for industrial. 





GROUP III. 

INSTRUMENTS AND GENERAL PROCESSES OF 
LETTERS, SCIENCES AND ARTS. 

Class 11. 

Typography—Different Methods of Printing. 

(Apparatus, processes and products). 

1. Instruments and apparatus used in typography, lithography, 
printing in copper-plate, autography, chalcography, paniconography, 
etc. * Instruments for photochnical printing. 

Material, apparatus and specimens from type foundry, stereo 
typing, etc. 

Type setting and sorting machines. 

Special machines for printing bank notes, postage stamps, etc. 

Type-writing machines. 

2. Black and colored specimens of typography, lithography, 
copper-plate, and other methods of printing. 

Proofs of engravings and drawings reproduced, enlarged or 
reduced by mechanical or photographic processes. 

Class 12. 

Photography. 

(Apparatus, processes and supplies). 

1. Raw materials, photographic instruments and apparatus, 
implements used in photographic laboratories. 

2. *Negative photographs on glass, paper, wood, cloth, enamel, 
etc. Photogravures, photocollography and photolithography. Ster- 
ioscopic prints. Enlarged and reduced photographs. Photochromo- 
graphy. Direct and indirect photochromographs. Scientific and 
other appliances of photography. 

Class 13. 

Books, Music, Printing, Bookbinding (Material and Supplies), 
Newspapers, Posters. 

New books and new editions of books. 

Collections of works forming special libraries. 

Reviews and periodical publications. Posters. 

Newspapers. 

Drawings, maps, albums. 

Music printing. 

Materials and process of binding books and pamphlets. 

competing for awards exhibitors will be divided into two sections, one 
for savants and amateurs, the other for professionals. 


6 


Class 14. 

Geographical and Cosmographical Maps and Apparatus. 

Topography. 

Geographical, geological, hydrographical, astronomical and other 
maps and charts. 

Physical charts of all kinds. Topographical maps, flat or in 
relief. 

Terrestrial and celestial globes. 

Books and tables of statistics. 

Tables and nautical almanacs for astronomical and nautical uses. 

Class 15. 

Instruments of Precision.—Money and Metals. 

(Apparatus, processes and Products). 

Instruments and apparatus of precision. 

Instruments and apparatus of practical geometry and of land 
surveying, topographical and geodetic instruments, compasses, cal¬ 
culating machines, leveling instruments, barometers, etc. 

Apparatus and instruments for measuring, sliding-rules, balances 
of precision, dividing machines, etc. 

Optical instruments. Astronomical instruments. Physical and 
meteorological instruments, etc. Instruments and apparatus used in 
laboratories and observatories. 

Weights and measures of different countries. 

Appliances used in manufacturing coins and metals. (Outfit for 
weighing metals, recording alloys, melting, topping, flating, cutting 
cut, stamping, edging, washing, verifying the weight, counting, veri¬ 
fying money before delivering it. Outfit for the preparation of 
marks and stamps.) Coins and metals. Treatises statistical, economical 
or otherwise, relating to coinage. 

Class 16. 

Medicine and Surgery. 

Instruments, apparatus, and appliances for anatomical, histologi¬ 
cal and bacteriological works. 

Normal anatomical and pathological appliances ; histological and 
bacteriological preparations. 

Appliances for neutralizing instruments and dressing apparatus. 

Instruments for general and special medical uses. 

Instruments and appliances for local and special general surgery. 

Dressing appliances. 


Apparatus of plastic and mechanical prothesis; orthopedy; 
pernial surgical instruments; special therapeutic instruments and 
apparatus. 

Instruments for the practice of the art of dentistry. 

Various appliances for cripples, invalids, and for insane asylums. 

Cases of instruments and medicines for army and navy surgeons. 
•Appliances for the relief of the sick and wounded on the battlefield. 

Appliances for saving from drowning and suffocation. 

Appliances and apparatus of veterinary surgery. 

Class 17. 

Musical Instruments. 

1. Supplies and methods used in the manufacture of musical 
instruments: Wind instruments, in brass and wood; stringed; 
pianos, etc. 

2. Wind instruments in metal or in wood, with finger holes, 
with or without keys, with plain mouth-piece, with pipe, with or 
without air reservoirs. 

Wind instruments, simple, with slide, finger holes, with keys, 
with pipe, etc. 

Wind instruments with key-board ; organs, accordians, etc. 

Stringed instruments without key-board, played with fingers or 
with bows. 

Stringed instruments with key-board : pianos, etc. 

Vibrating instruments : drums and cymbals. 

Automatic instruments: barrel - organs, music boxes of all 
descriptions. 

Accessories of musical instruments and devices for orchestras. 

Strings for musical instruments. 

Foreign instruments. 

Class 18. 

Accessories of the Stage. 

The interior arrangement of theatres. Special furniture. 

Measures for preventing or fighting fires. 

Scenery: curtains, metallic curtains, gauzes, nets; colors, brushes, 
pallettes ; cord ; special iron appliances ; lighting in theatre ; electric 
light apparatus for producing smoke, flames, lightning, phosphor¬ 
escence and all spectacular scenery. 

Machinery: windlasses, tambours, caskets, slides, traps, counter¬ 
poise, etc. 


8 


Costumes: special fabrics, printed cloth, armory, jewelry • 
boots and shoes, dancing shoes; wigs, beards, make-up accessories, 
paint and rouge. 

Accessories: reproduction of different phenomena, such as 
thunder hail, wind, snow, gun-firing; designs in card-board; furni¬ 
ture built in perspective. 


GROUP IV. 

MECHANICAL APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES. 

Class 19. 

Steam Engines. 

Furnaces and chimneys for boilers. 

Steam generating apparatus for motive purposes: boiler fittings 
and accessories. Alimentation appliances. 

Alimentary heating and drying apparatus. 

Canalization of steam; pipes, cocks, tubes. 

Stationary, semi-stationary and locomotive engines. Distribution. 
Consolidation. Regulators and moderators. Greasing apparatus 
and accessories. 

Engines other than steam engines. 

Associations of owners of steam.engines. 

Class 20. 

Various Motors. 

Hot air, gas, petroleum, compressed or rarefied air, ammoniac, 
and carbonic acid gas motors. Parts and accessories of these motors! 
Hydraulic rams : wheels, apparatus for lifting water. 

Wind mills. 

Horse gear, barrels, spring motors, treadles, etc. 

Class 21. 

General Mechanical Apparatus. 

Mechanical transmitting apparatus: drawing shafts, slide rests, 
articulated systems. Driving wheels. Spur wheels. Nippers. 
Pulleys, belts, transmitting cables. Incline systems. 

Regulators and throttle valves. 

Greasing appliances. 

Apparatus for mechanical measurements. Meters, registering 
machines, indicators of speed, steam gauges, dynamo meters. 


9 



Weighing apparatus. Machinery for trials of materials. Ap¬ 
paratus for gauging fluids. 

Machinery for handling heavy loads : cranes, elevators, etc. 

Hydraulic elevators : hand and steam pumps, rams, etc. 

Fire extinguishing apparatus and all appliances used by firemen. 

Hydraulic presses. 

Appliances for piping water. 

Appliances for the compression and the piping of air. 

Ventilators. 

Transmission to long distances and distribution of power by 
water, steam, air or by the vacuum. 

Apparatus and appliances for the prevention of accidents to 
machinery. 

Class 22. 

Machine-Tools. 

1. Machine-tools for working metals. 

Machines for dividing and pressing: steam-hammers, trip¬ 
hammers, drop forging and swaging machines; planing, drilling, 
slotting; turning; shaping; milling; pinching; cutting; soldering 
machines. Machinery for working sheet iron. Tools used for 
brazing, welding; heating letting back; hardening; cementing. 
Forge and engine tools: anvils, breaking anvils, vices, hammers,, 
stamps, chisels, etc. 

Sharp edged tool machine: lathes, drilling, taps, plating, boring 
machines. Saws for metals; planing, sloting, grooving machines. 
Special tools for these machines. Vices, appliances for carrying 
tools and accessories for machines. 

Machines in which such matters as sandstone, emory and dia¬ 
monds are used as tools. Grinding, polishing, sharpening, recti¬ 
fying machines. Grindstones and emory grindstones. Corundum 
and diamond tools. Accessories of these machines and grindstones. 

Apparatus and appliances for hand-work: vices, files, bores, 
taps, diestocks, etc. 

Process and appliances for planing, fitting, or verifying: marble 
slabs, rules, squares, compasses, etc.; callipers, gauges, ribs, com¬ 
parers, verificators, regulators of forms and sizes. 

2. Machine tools for working wood. Sawing machines, with gang 
saws, hand saws, circular saws. Planing, sawing, veneering,grooving 
mortising, tonguing, cutting, molding, stamping, carving machines! 

Accessories for these machines. 

Special tools for machines for working wood and also for hand 
working. 

3. Machine tools of various descriptions other than mentioned 
in above classes. 


10 


GROUP V. 

ELECTRICITY. 


Class 23. 

Machines and Appliances for Producing and Utilizing Electricity. 

Dynamos of direct and alternating currents; constant or varying 
quantity. 

Transmission of electrical energy. Electric motors: direct 
constant current, alternating currents. 

Transportation by electricity: electric engines, electric tramways. 

Regulation of the electric currents; dynamos for alternating 
currents. 

Appliances of electricity in mechanics: elevators, cranes, wind¬ 
lasses, capstans, magnetic warping, swing bridges, trollies, etc. 

Safety and registering machines. 

Class 24. 

Electrochemistry. 

Electric batteries. 

Accumulators. 

General processes of electro-plating. Electro-metalic prepa¬ 
rations. 

Refining of metals and their alloys. 

Appliances of electricity to industrial chemistry: bleaching, 
disinfection of drains, manufacture of soda, chlorine, chlorate of 
potash, etc. 

Class 25. 

Electric Lighting. 

Systems of direct and alternating currents. 

Arc lamps. Indicators. Carbons. 

Incandescent lamps. 

Fittings for private houses, studios, factories and public 
buildings. 

General depots of electricity. 

Appliances for light-houses, military purposes, navigation, 
public works. 

Safety appliances and registering meters. 

Photometry. Apparatus for determining power and distribution 
of electric light. 

Material for ornamental electric lighting with chandeliers, etc. 


11 


Class 26. 

Electric Telegraphy and Telephones. 

Telegraph apparatus; transmitting and receiving apparatus. 
Various apparatus and appliances. 

Apparatus for simultaneous transmission. 

Special devices. Lightning conductors. 

Transmission of words. Telephones and microphones. 
Appliances and apparatus used in central offices; switch boards. 
Simultaneous telegraphic and telephonic communications. 
Telegraph and telephone conduits. Open air, underground and 
submarine cables. 

Class 27. 

Various Application of Electricity. 

Scientific apparatus and instruments for measuring. 

Electricity in surgery, dentistry, and therapeutics? 

Electric clocks. 

Application of electricity to railways, mines, and public works. 
Electric signals. Electricity in the ignition of explosives. 

Long distance indicators and registering appliances for phenom- 
ena of various descriptions. 

Electric heating furnaces. 

Electricity for soldering iron, etc. 

Apparatus and appliances for heating by electricity. 


GROUP VI. 

CIVIL ENGINEERING—TRANSPORTATION. 

Glass 28. 

Machinery, Apparatus and Appliances of Civil Engineering. 

Building material (other than wood, material extracted from 
quarries, metals and ceramic products): lime, cements, mortar 
artificial stones, etc. Machinery and methods for the production of 
these substances. . 

Methods for testing materials used in building. 

Machinery for working materials used in building: tools used by 
stone dressers and carvers, by masons, carpenters, locksmiths, plumb- 
ers, tilers, glaziers, painters, etc. 1 

tnok M ?v hln< ?’ a ", d ? ppliail ? es for workill g on foundations: hand 
tools, excavators, dredges, wheelbarrows, carts, wagons, etc. 


12 



Machinery and appliances for foundation work (other than 
pumps): bells, piles, screw stakes, pneumatic apparatus, etc. 

Machinery and appliances for transporting and removing sub¬ 
stances. 

Machinery and appliances for keeping roads, streets, public pro- 
menades, etc., in good order. 

Apparatus for lighting seacoasts and beacons. 

Apparatus and appliances for distributing water and gas (o-as 
meters excepted). 

Machinery and appliances for pneumatic telegraphy. 

Class 29. 

Models, Plans and Designs of Public Works. 

Roads and other public thoroughfares on land. Bridges and 
viaducts. 

Interior navigation: improvement of rivers, construction of 
canals; dams, locks, elevators, fixed and movable bridges, reservoirs 
and feeding trenches, mechanical towing, implements used in river 
ports. 

Maritime ports, general arrangement: piers, docks, locks, mov¬ 
able bridges; all implements used (excepting floating appliances). 

Maritime canals. 

Appliances for lighting coasts and beacons. 

Works of protection against the invasion of fluvial or sea waters. 

Railways compared with the plans and works of arts. 

Works in connection with railways in cities. 

Works for supplying water for sanitary improvements, drain¬ 
age and lighting cities by gas. 

Telegraphic systems by compressed air. 

Statistics, and special plates and. various publications referring 
to public works. 

Works of the universal exposition of 1900. 

Class 30. 

Carriage Building and Wheelwrights’ Work. 

(Vehicles other than those used on tracks). 

Pleasure carriages, sleighs. Sedan chairs. 

Vehicles for public use: ambulances, carriages for invalids and 
for children. 

Freight wagons for all purposes: cafts and trucks. 

Carriages and mechanical motors. 

Bicycles. 

Fittings and appurtenances, apparatus and inventions for carri¬ 
age building, wheelwright and tricycles. 


18 


Class 31. 

Saddlery and harness Making. 

Harness for horses and other animals that are harnessed or 
saddled. Harness for private carriages, saddles, bridles. 

Fittings and appurtenances, apparatus and inventions, and 
accessories of saddlery, harness-making and the stable. 

Class 32. 

Railway and Tramway materials. 

1. Standard gauge railways; narrow gauge railways. 

Superstructure: Platform, ballast, etc.; ties, rails, cushions, 
mats, and general equipments; methods for switching; models of 
railway stations; trucks; turning bridges; weighing machines and 
^ aiious devices, fixed signals, systems and appliances employed to 
insure safe traveling; water supply; fixed appliances against snow; 
appliances used on the lines. 

Railway equipment and attraction: locomotives, tenders; pas¬ 
senger cars and carriages; freight cars; apparatus and detached 
pieces; brakes; intercommunication of trains; engine-houses; build¬ 
ing and repair shops; snow-plows; speed indicators and registers; 
dynamos; registering apparatus; models for laboratories. 

General train management: time-table arrangement; distribution 
of rolling stock; cleansing and disinfecting devices; signalling and 
various systems employed to insure safety of travelers; traveling 
department, tickets, ticket-cases, bill posters, fares; freight hand¬ 
ling, cost; plans, methods and tools employed for freight handling 
machinery and their maintenance. 

2. Other railway systems: grip, funicular, elevated, sliding rail¬ 
ways; movable platforms, etc. Railroads: methods of operating, 
motive power, equipments. 

3. Tramways: various types of tramways employed on different 
kinds of roads; systems for switching; appliances for putting down 
and cleaning lines, etc. Appliances for turning tramways. 

Cars and omnibuses operated by horse-power; horseless locomo¬ 
tives and carriages; rolling stock and equipment for tramways ope¬ 
rated mechanically; brakes and similar appliances; apparatus for 
producing power that may be stored (hot water, compressed air, elec¬ 
tricity, etc.) 

4. Methods of transportation similar to railways. Transpor¬ 
tation of boats on railways, etc. 

5. Railway bibliography. Statistics, special maps, and various 
publications connected with railways. 


14 



Class 33. 

Equipment for Mercantile Navigation. 

1. Raw materials and appliances used specially for building- 
ships and boats. 

2. Special devices used in naval building yards and in work¬ 
shops where naval machinery is used. 

3. Designs and models of vessels and boats of all kinds used on 
seas and rivers. Specimens of equipment and outfit for such vessels 
and boats. 

Small boats of all kinds propelled by mechanical power, sail 
or oar. 

Designs and models for tow-boats and launches. 

Motive engines for-vessels and boats and their accessories; 
designs, models, specimens; generators, boilers, condensers, filters 
and appurtenances; motors; condensing appliances; speed indi¬ 
cators, registers and meters, etc. Precautions against fire at sea. 

Appliances to facilitate loading and unloading cargos. 

Equipment. Rigging, cordage, masts, chains, anchors, cables, 
steering machinery ; appliances for transmitting orders ; lights and 
signals ; methods of lighting, heating, ventilation and refrigeration 
in ships; special apparatus for producing and using electricity; 
instruments of precision and clocks; flags and signals; special 
furniture, etc. 

Pleasure yachts: yachts and small boats of all kinds propelled by 
steam, sails or oars; out-riggers, skiffs, etc., and their appurtenances 
(designs, models and specimens). 

Submarine navigation. 

W recking apparatus, appliances for saving boats and passen¬ 
gers, boats, pontoons, lines, belts and saving equipment, etc. Life 
saying societies. Methods for using oil on water. Apparatus for 
raising vessels ; equipment for submarine operations. 

Swimming. 

Statistics, special maps and various publications pertaining to 
merchant marine and yachting. 

Class 34. 

Aerial Navigation, 

Construction of balloons: tissues, varnish, valves ; nets, cords, 
and ropes; stopping appliances, anchors, grips; making hydrogen 
and other gases. Captive balloons. 

Aerial traveling. The services rendered by balloons in studying 
the conditions of the atmosphere: air currents, clouds, temperature 


15 


in elevated regions, phenomena of optics, etc. Designs, charts, 
diagrams, photographs. 

Aerial navigation. Apparatus for steering balloons and flight 
in mid-air. 

Aerial navigation for military purposes : military captive bal¬ 
loons and their accessories; windlasses for making ascents; trans¬ 
portation wagons ; apparatus used in filling balloons. 

Apparatus for mechanical flight; aeroplanes and parachutes. 


GROUP VII. 

AGRICULTURE. 

* 

Class 35. 

Rural Working Stock and Processes. 

Specimens of various types of rural working stock. 

Plans and models of rural buildings: general arrangement • 
stables, barns, sheep-folds, pastures, systems of feeding and fatten¬ 
ing ; stock feeding. 

Interior arrangement of stables and kennels, etc. 

Harnessing and shoeing. 

Implements and processes of veterinary surgery. 

Implements for agricultural work; drainage methods, irrigation. 

Tools, implements, machinery used in tilling, seeding, planting, 
cleansing, harvesting, and the preparation and preservation of agri¬ 
cultural products, or on cattle raising farms. Animal power. Agri¬ 
cultural machinery; wind, water, steam, and electrical agricultural 
machinery. Portable agricultural machinery and horse gear. Wind¬ 
mills. Pumps. Weighing apparatus. Carting implements and 
rural transportation. 

Granaries ; pits; steeping tanks. 

Appliances for the preparation of food for animals. 

1 1 eparation and preservation of manure. Fertilizing matters 
Commercial fattening food. Employment of drainage waters. 

Class 36. 

Working Stock and Processes of Viticulture. 

Types of buildings for viticulture. 

Appliances for cultivating grapes; for staking and training the 
.vine; plows and hoes for viticulture; various tools for cutting 
grafting, gathering, etc. 

Collection of vine stock. 


16 





Implements for harvesting, storing, ete. Vehicles; picking and 
pressing apparatus, etc. 

Methods of wine-making. 

Pi ocesses, apparatus and substances used for preserving wine, 
ferments, etc. 

Diseases of the vine and how to battle with them. 

Class 37. 

Working Stock and Processes of Agricultural Industries. 

Style of agricultural manufactures annexed to farms: dairies, 
butter and cheese works ; agricultural distillers ; agricultural starch 
and farina works, etc. 

Manufacture of oils ; oleomargarine. 

Workshops for preparing textile products. 

Quarters for poultry and birds. Apparatus for artificial hatching. 

Class 38. 

Agricultural and Agrarian Statistics. 

Study of the soil and waters from an agricultural point of view. 

Various agricultural maps and plates; climate charts. Public 
recording of land. 

Agricultural population. Division bf cultivated territory. Yield 
and returns. Enumeration of animals on farms. 

Progress realized especially since 1889. History of agriculture 
in its successive transformations. 

History of fluctuation in prices of lands, farms, labor, animals, 
and principal products of the soil and of animals. 

Institutions whose object is the development and progress of 
agriculture. Agricultural stations and laboratories; plans, models, 
organization, personnel, tools, budget, works. Societies; committees, 
syndicates. Loans on farms. Loans on agricultural securities. 
Relief societies. Agricultural insurance. 

Legislative and administrative measures. 

Books : memoirs; statistics; diagrams; periodical publications. 


Class 39. 

Agricultural Alimentary Products of Vegetable Origin. 

Cereals : wheat, rye, barley, rice, corn, millet and other cereals 
in sheaves or in grain. 

Leguminous plants : beans, horse-beans, French beans, peas, 
lentils, etc. 


17 


Tubercles and roots: potatoes, beets, carrots, turnips. 

Beet-root sugar, sugar cane, sorghum, etc. 

Various plants: coffee, cocoa seeds, etc. 

Oleaginous plants, stems or seeds. Olives. Food oils of vege¬ 
table origin. 

Fodder and all products suited to feeding animals. 


Class 40. 

Agricultural Alimentary Products of Animal Origin. 

Animal oils and fats for food. 

Fresh and preserved milk. 

Cheeses. 

Eggs. 


Class 41. 

Non=aIimentary Agricultural Products. 

Textile plants: cotton, hemp, flax, jute, ramie, and other vege¬ 
table fibers. 

Oleaginous plants, stems and seeds. 

Oils and fats not used for food. 

Tannin plants. 

Plants for tinctures, medicines, and pharmacy. 

Tobacco in the leaf and tobacco seed. 

Hops, etc. 

Plants and seeds for natural and artificial meadows. 

Wool in the fleece, washed and unwashed. 

Manes and silks of domestic animals. 

Feathers ; downs ; hair as a textile material, etc. 


Class 42. 

Useful Insects and their Products. Injurious Insects and 
Parasitic Vegetables. 

Systematic collections of useful insects and of injurious insects. 
Bees. Silk worms and cochineals. 

Appliances for feeding bees and silk worms. Their products : 
. honey, wax, cocoons. 

Appliances and processes for tfte destruction of cryptogamia 
and injurious insects. 


18 


GROUP VIII. 

HORTICULTURE AND ARBORICULTURE. 


Class 43. 

Appliances and Methods of Horticulture and Aboriculture. 

Gardeners and nurserymen’s tools and implements: spades, pick- 
axes, hoes, shears, and lawn-mowers. Tools and instruments for 
cutting, grafting, gathering, packing and transporting products, etc. 
Props. Watering appliances. 

Implements and appliances for laying out gardens : vases, pots, 
chairs, benches, fountains, etc. 

Hot-houses and their accessories; heating apparatus ; mats, etc. 

Conservatories in private houses. 

Aquariums for aquatic plants. 

Architecture in gardens : plans, designs, models, books, pictures. 

Class 44. 

Culinary Vegetables. 

Plants from kitchen and market gardens : potatoes, cabbage, 
carrots, turnips, radishes, allspices, artichokes, mushrooms, water¬ 
cress, etc. Fresh specimens. 

• Class 45. 

Fruit Trees and Fruit. 

Various kinds of fruit trees. Wall-fruit. 

Specimens of products from farms : apples, pears, cider, cher¬ 
ries, plums, oranges, lemons, almonds, nuts, etc. 

Specimens of products from market gardens, fruit of all kinds. 

Class 46. 

Trees, Shrubs, and Ornamental Flowers, 

Ornamental trees. Methods of grafting. 

Ornamental shrubs, caducous and evergreens. 

Plants for parks and gardens. 

Herbaceous vegetables ; dahlias, chrysanthemums. 

Clumps and baskets of flowers-. Bouquets of natural flowers. 

Class 47. 

Hot=House Plants. 

Specimens of cultivated plants from all countries from useful 
and ornamental point of view. 


19 


Forced growth of vegetables and fruits: specimens of the pro¬ 
ducts obtained. 

Various plants cultivated for ornamentation : plants for conser¬ 
vatories and hot-houses. 

Class 48. 

Seeds and Planting for Horticulture and Nursery Gardens. 

Collections of seeds, seeds for vegetables. 

Planting of young trees. Grafting. 


GROUP IX. 

FORESTRY, HUNTING, FISHING, GATHERING 
OF PRODUCTS. 


Class 49. 

machinery and methods for Forest Work and Forest Industry. 

Collections of seeds. Plants and specimens of native or foreign 
forest essences. s 

Special implements for gathering, preparing, testing, preserving 
seeds; drying grounds. Tools for nursery, gardens. Plant for forest 
works and industries. 

Processes of culture in nursery gardens; processes of culture and 
arrangement in forests. 

Forest topography. 

Forest works; watchman’s cottage; saw-mills; drainage; sanitary 
improvements; re-stocking. 

Restoration of mountainous grounds; replanting; layino* ground 
with turf, etc. Settling sand-hills. 


Class 50. 

Products of Forest Works and Industries. 

Specimens of forest essences. 

Samples of timber and wood used for building and beating 
Worked timber and lumber in the form of slabs, boards, shingles.' 
Wood suitable for dyeing and coloring. 

Cork; textile barks. Tanning, odoriferous, resinous matters, etc. 
Products of forest industries: coopers’ stock; basket industry, 
esparto wares, wooden shoes (clogs), wools, corks, roasted wood’ 

charennl. 


20 



Class 51. 

Arms for Hunting. 

(Manufacturing plant and products). 

1. Plants and special implements employed in the manufacture 
of guns; machinery for setting barrels; special lathes for instantane¬ 
ous reproduction; boring implements and machinery for rectifying 
the interior boring of barrels; machinery for punching barrels; 
special machinery for making the wooden stocks of guns; plating 
machinery and machinery for reproducing the various portions-of 
iron weapons; machinery for polishing and straightening tempered 
portions of weapons. 

Plant and implements for manufacturing cartridges and ammu¬ 
nition. 

2. Side arms. 

Armor panoplies; reproduction of ancient armor. 

Throwing arms: bows, cross-bows, etc. 

Fire arms: guns, rifles, pistols, etc. 

Accessories for gunsmiths. 

Solid, hollow, explosive projectiles; caps, cartridges. 

Hunting outfit; methods for training dogs. 

Accessories of fencing rooms. 

Class 52. 

Products of Hunting. 

Collections and designs of terrestrial and amphibious animals, 
birds and eggs. 

Furs not exhibited as ready-made fur garments. Skins prepared 
for the fur trade. 

Animal hair and silk. Raw feathers and spoils of birds. 

Horns ; ivory, bone ; tortoise-shell. 

Musk, castoreum, civet cat, produce, etc. 

Class 53. 

Apparatus and Implements Employed in Fishing. Products. 

Aquiculture. 

1. Floating accessories used in fishing. Nets and various 
implements used for maritime fishing. Nets, bow-nets, traps, and 
various implements for fluvial fishing. 

2. Maritime aquiculture: fish, Crustacea and mollusca. Aqui¬ 
culture in fresh water: pisciculture establishments, graded trays, fish 
scales. 

3. Aquaria. 


21 


4. Collections and designs of fish, cetacea, Crustacea and mol- 
lusca. 

Pearls, shells, mother-of-pearl. Sponges. Tortoise shell. 
Whalebone. Spermaceti. Amber. Preparation of oils and ferti¬ 
lizing from fish. 


Class 54. 

Implements Employed and Products Gathered. 

1* Apparatus and implements for gathering products of the 
soil obtained without culture. 

2. Mushrooms. Truffles. Alimentary wild fruit. 

Plants, roots, bark, leaves and fruit obtained without culture, 
and utilized by herborists, druggists, dyers, paper manufacturers. 
India rubber ; gutta-percha. Gums and resins. 


GROUP X. 

ALIMENTATION. 

Class 55. 

Machinery and Processes Employed in the Industries of 
Food Supply. 

Flour mills. Industrial starch and farina works ; preparation of 
glucoses. 

Manufacture of alimentary pastes. 

Bakers’ establishments : mechanical kneaders and ovens. Manu¬ 
facture of ship biscuits. 

Confectionery. 

Manufacture and preservation of ice. Frigorilic machinery and 
apparatus. 

Plant and processes for preserving fresh meat, game, fish, etc. 
Manufacture of canned meat, fish, vegetables and fruit. 

Sugar works, refineries. 

Manufacture of chocolate and sweet-meats. 

Preparation of ices and sherbets. 

Decortication and roasting of coffee. 

Vinegar works. Industrial distilleries. Breweries 
Manufacture of effervescing waters. Various alimentary 

mnnstrifls J 


22 



Class 56. 

Farinaceous Products and their Compounds. 

Cereal flours : decorticated grains and groats ; fecula of potatoes; 
rice flour; lentil flour; gluten; bean flour. 

Tapioca; sago; arrow root; various feculae. Starches. Mixed 
farinaceous products. 

Italian pastes; semolina ; vermicelli; macaroni; and home made 
pastes. 

Class 57. 

Bakery and Confectionery Products. 

Various kinds of bread, leavened and unleavened; fancy and 
ordinary loaves ; compressed bread for long journeys, military cam¬ 
paign, etc., ship biscuits. 

Various products of confectionery particular to each nation. 
Ginger-bread and dry cakes able to keep for a long time. 

Class 58. 

Preserved Meats, Fish, Vegetable, Fruit. 

Meats preserved by frigorific apparatus and other processes ; 
salted meats ; canned meats. Tablets of meat and beef-tea. Pre¬ 
paration of meats. Various products of the pork-butcher. 

Fish preserved by frigorific apparatus. Salted fish in barrels: 
cod, herring, etc. Fish preserved in oil: tunny, sardines, archovies. 

Tinned lobsters and oysters. 

Vegetables preserved by various processes. 

Dried and preserved fruit : plums, figs, grapes, dates. Fruit 
preserved without sugar. 

Class 59. 

Sweetmeats and Confectionery Products, Condiments and 
Stimulants. 

Sugar used for domestic and other purposes. Glucoses, choco¬ 
late. 

Confectionery products: sweetmeats, sugar plums,bonbons, fond¬ 
ants; candied almond cake ; angelica ; aniseed ; jam, jellies, etc. 
Crystalized fruits. Fruit in brandy. Syrups and sweet liquors. 

Coffees, teas, and aromatic drinks, chicory. 

Vinegars. Table salt. 

Spices : peppers, cloves, cinnamon, etc. 

Mixed condiments and stimulants : mustard, sauces, etc. 


23 


Class 60 . 

Wines and Brandies. 

Ordinary red and white wines. 

Sweet and luscious wines. 

Sparkling wines. 

Brandies and alcoholic beverages. 

Spirits : gin, rum, rum-arrack, kirschenwasser, etc. 

Class 61 . 

Various Beverages. 

Cider and perry. 

Ales, beers, and other malt liquors. 

Fermented drinks of all descriptions. 

Artificial effervescent waters. 


GROUP XI. 

MINES—METALLURGY. 

Class 62 . 

Working of flines—Hines and Stone Quarries. 

(Machinery, methods, and products). 

1. Apparatus and processes of subterranean topography. Means 
of discovering mineral veins. Apparatus for boring or workino- 
shafts. Artesian wells. 

Works for taking mineral waters. 

Machinery and processes of walling up and sinking mine shafts. 

Machinery and processes for tunneling roads for mining opera¬ 
tions. Machinery and processes for excavation and of felling in for 
mines and quarries: hand tools; mechanical engines; devices for the 
compression of air; explosives and processes of blasting. 

Rolling stock and processes of subterranean conveyances. 

Machines for the extraction of the products of the mine and for 
the descent of hills. 

Elevators and appliances for transporting miners up or down. 

Machines and pumps for draining. 

Apparatus and airing processes; ventilators. 

Systems of lighting; safety lamps. 

Apparatus for security: parachutes, signals, etc. 

Apparatus for rescuing. 


24 



Apparatus and processes for the preservation of extracted 
products and for their surface transportation: railroads, incline 
planes, aerial chains and cables, tramways; installations for loading 
wagons or boats. 

Special tools and apparatus for working salt-mines, petroleum 
wells, sand and gravel pits, etc. 

Apparatus for washing and mechanical preparation of mineral 
ores and combustible minerals. 

Apparatus to agglomerate combustibles. 

Apparatus of carbonization; coke ovens. 

2. Ornamental stones, hard stones, building stones, hewn, 
sawed or polished stone. 

Lime stones and cement. 

Grindstones, whetstones, pumice stones, polishing substances. 

Moulding and refactory sands. 

Clays, raolins, flints, and other matters employed in ceramics. 

Natural stones and refactory clays. 

Clay, fluor-spar, asbestos, meerschaum, graphites and black lead. 

Slates. 

Rock-salt, salt of brinish origin. Saltpetre and nitrates, sul¬ 
phates, alum and other natural salts. Boric acid and borax. 

Unpolished brimstone and pyrites. 

Natural mineral colors. 

Natural mineral manure (phosphates, coproliths, etc.) 

Combustible minerals: peat lignite, coals from petroleum and 
rough asphalt. Asphaltum; rock asphaltum; natural gas; beeswax 
and bitumen minerals; yellow amber. 

Metallic ores of every kind. Native metals. 

Systematic collections. Crystallography. 

3. Geological charts; charts of subterranean topography. Plans 
in relief. 

Plans for working mines. 

Statistics and divers publications relative to geology, to subter¬ 
ranean topography, to mineralogy, to working of mines. 

Class 63. 

Coarse Metallurgy. 

(Machinery, processes and products.) 

Machinery, processes and products of refractory building 
materials of metallurgy (bricks, stones or marble blocks, mortar, 
melting pot, pieces of clay, etc.) 

Metallurgical plant and gas ovens. 

Methods of utilizing liquid combustibles in metallurgy. 


25 


Treatment of iron ore, manganese, chrome. Apparatus used in 
melting: high furnaces, bellows, appliances of heating and blowing. 

Machinery of iron foundries. Bellows and various appliances. 
Melting of rough iron and melting moulds. Ferrus manganese and 
melting of manganese. Alloys to the base iron. 

Machinery, processes, products in the manufacture of pig iron 
and steel in slug, bolts, in leaf or finished plate, as well as steel 
mouldings. Puddling furnaces and appliances for heating, for 
fusion; hammers, presses, flattening mills; general preparation and 
processes for Bessemer’s acid or basic process for the fusion of steel 
in a melting pot. Various processes of the manufacture of irons and 
steels from the mineral ores, of purification, of melting, of carbura- 
tion of iron. 

Machinery, processes and products of the manufacture of the 
ii on dealer: foil and ribbon, wire yod drawing mills, special iron 
profiles, sheet iron of commerce and construction, waved sheet iron, 
spindles, bands, wheels, large pieces.of forge, cannon barrels, pro¬ 
jectiles, soldered pipes and pipes without solder. 

Industries of zinc plating, of sheet iron, lead plating, nickel 
plating, tm making (brilliant, tarnished, clouded, decorated and 
stamped tin; preserve and blacking boxes). 

Treatment of mineral ores of various metals, apparatus and pro¬ 
cesses of obtaining and refining; ovens for reducing or calcination, 
roasting, fusion, distilling, assaying or coppellation, etc.; appliances 
and accessories of amalgamation. Lead pewter, zinc pewter and zinc 
foil white zinc. Lead in pig of lead, lead foil, lead pipes. Mercury. 
Antimony and its oxides.. Nickel slug: heavy, flattened. Metallic 
arsenic. Aluminum and its alloys. Precious or rare metals. Vari¬ 
ous alloys. 

Treatment of copper ores by dry and damp methods ; apparatus 
and processes of making copper. Copper and alloys to the base 
copper, in ingots, bars and foil. 

Machinery and processes and products of electro-metallurgy for 
obtaining the raw metals. 

Machinery and processes of the metal refiner, of the gold and 
silversmiths, of the refiner of precious metals. 


Class 61 . 

Minor Metallurgy. 

(Machinery, processes and products.) 

Machinery and processes of the bronze foundry, brass, zinc, tin, 
malleable castings, etc. 

Special tools, not comprised in the class called machine tools 


26 


for the forge, the farrier, the bolter, screw drivers, the wire drawer, 
for the nail forge, the maker of buckles and rings, the chain maker, 
the brazier’s tools, tools for breaking unelastic bodies, the iron plate 
maker, the tinner, the iron-monger, edge tools, hardware for the 
locksmith, small metallic constructions, etc. 

Apparatus and processes for enameling objects and metallic 
pieces. 


Processes of flattening and striking of gold, silver, tin ; pro¬ 
cesses of working platinum. 

Machinery and processes (electro-metallurgic or otherwise) for 
the covering of one metal with a strata or covering of another more 
precious, more ductible, or more resisting. Galvanism. 

2. Bells and clock-bells: mechanical made bronzes. 

Divers pieces of forgings. Objects of blacksmithry: horse¬ 
shoes, etc. 


Bolts and nuts. Screws for wood and metal. 

Products of the wire-mill and nail-forge. Engraving tools, nails, 
pins, needles. Metallic cables. Barbed wire. Trellis, metallic 
fences and wire cloth. 

Products of precision and of the wire-mill. 

Products of buckle makers. Buckles, hooks, clasps, hinges. 

Products of the chainery. Chains without solder. 

Blazery and tinnery for the manufacture of household goods. 

Iron-plates stamped, trimmed, decorated, perforated, etc. 

Iron-plates and castings enameled for building, household pro¬ 
ducts, and ornament. 

Pottery of rough metal, polished, varnished, enameled, etc. 

Drawn tubes and pipes of iron, steel, copper, brass, lead, etc. 

Metallic capsules. Buttons. Eyelets. 

Metallic pens. Spectacle frames. Springs. 

Edge-tools: Scythes, sickles, bill-hooks, machetes or sabers, axes, 
hatchets, various edge-tools, files, etc. 

Pulleys and pulley tackles. 

Iron fittings of buildings: Fastening for window sash, door but¬ 
tons, knockers. Locks, padlocks, bolts, keys; locks of precision 
and surety. 

Safes and safety vaults. 

Household furniture and garden vases in iron and castings. 
Banisters of staircases; iron railing and balcony in forged and dec¬ 
orated iron. 

Iron beds and various pieces of furniture, painted, enameled, 
varnished. 

Pavilions and kiosk of iron and steel; aviaries, bird-cages, 
frames, bay windows, verandas. 


27 


Shutters of warehouses; shutters, window blinds and lattice 
work of sheet iron; metallic supports, etc. 

Divers products of flattening and rolling and gold and silver and 
tin beating; thin pieces of solder, etc. 

Various products of plating in silver, copper, bronze, nickle; 
of galvanism. 

Lead and zinc plate. 

Lead and zinc parts of buildings. 


GROUP XII. 

DECORATION AND FURNITURE OF PUBLIC 
BUILDINGS AND HABITATIONS. 

Class 65. 

Fixed Decorations of Public Buildings and Residences. 

1. Plans, drawings and models for the execution of fixed dec¬ 
orations. 

2. Carpentry: Plans in relief of carpenter work, apparent car¬ 
penter work of arches, panes of wood, etc. 

Joiners’ decorations: doors, windows, panels, parquet, wooden 
organ trimmings, church pews, etc. 

3. Fixed decorations in marble, stones, plaster, card board,, 
stone imitation, etc. 

Ornamental carvings. 

4. Iron-mongery and locksmith appliances for fixed decorations: 
iron-railings and doors in castings or forged iron; doors and banisters 
in bronze. Decorations of cornices in lead, copper, zinc. Skylights, 
weather vanes, ridges, posts. 

5. Decorative pictures upon stones, wood, metal, iron plates,, 
and various plasters, etc. 

6. Mosaic of stones or marble, in casing of the ground; mosaic 
of enamel for walls and arches. 

Divers applications of ceramics to fixed decorations of public 
buildings and residences. 

Class 66. 

Stained Glass. 

Stained glass for churches, public buildings and private resi¬ 
dences. 

Specimens of divers kinds of glass used for making stained 
glass. Special enamels. Models of coatings. 


28 



Class 67. 


Wall Papers. 

(Raw materials, machinery, processes and products). 

1. Raw materials special for manufacturing wall paper. 

2. Machinery for printing wall papers and fancy papers. 
Machines for engraving the rollers. Print plates in wood or in 
copper, engraved by hand. Drawing pens. Machines for varnish¬ 


pressing, embossing, gilding, to imitate 


for imitating satin, 

.velvet, to roll and to cut. 

Kinds of brushes and special linen for wall paper. 

3. Dark colored papers: velvetine paper, marbled, streaked, 
gilded, etc. Paper for paste boards, book binding, etc. Artistic 
paper. Enameled and varnished papers. Imitations of wood and of 
leather. Painted and printed shades. 


Class 68. 

Low and High Grade Furniture. 

Side boards, book cases, tables, beds, dressing tables, seats, 
billiard tables, etc. 


Class 69. 

Carpets, Tapestries and Upholstering Drapery Fabrics, 

(Machinery, processes and products). 

1. Special machinery in the manufacture of carpets and tape¬ 
stries. Looms for making tapestries or carpets of high or low 
warp, etc. 

Processes of the art of spooling thread. 

2. Carpets. Wilton Carpets. Tapestries; light or imitating 
velvet; carpets of felt, matting, etc. 

Upholstery fabrics in silk, wool, cotton, flax, jute, ramie, single 
color, mixture, figured, printed, embroidery, horse-hair cloth, vege¬ 
table leather, molakin, etc. Leathers for tapestry and upholstery. 
Oil cloth, linoleum. 

Class 70. 

Movable Decorations and Products of Upholsterers. 

Temporary decorations and upholstery products. 

Decorations for public and private festivals; for religious ser¬ 
vices, etc. 

Objects of bedding, upholstered seats, canopy, curtain, tapestry 
hangings and drapery, frames, mirror mouldings. 


29 


Class 71 . 

Ceramics. 

(Raw materials, implements, processes and products.) 

1. Raw materials, and particularly chemical products, special 
for ceramics. 

2. Implements and processes for making ceramic products;, 
machines to stretch, to compress and to shape ceramic products;; 
machines to make brick tiles, pipes and building pottery; ovens and 
vessels for baking and protecting from the fire; baking utensils;, 
apparatus to prepare and grind enamels, etc. 

3. Diverse porcelains. 

Porcelain and earthenware baked twice. 

Pottery of white or colored clays, translucent or stained enamel. 

Earthenware and architectural terra cotta, flooring brick or 
enameled lava. 

Sandstone ceramics, artistic sandstone. 

Tiles, brick, flooring brick, pipes. 

Refactory products not comprised in the classes of metallurgy 
and heating. 

Statuets, groups, ornaments of terra cotta. 

Enamels applied to ceramics. 

Mosaic of clay or enamels. 

Class 72. 

Crystal and Glassware. 

(Raw materials, implements, processes and products.) 

1 . Raw materials, and especially chemical products peculiar to» 
glassware. 

2. Apparatus and processes of the manufacture of glass and 
crystals. Machinery for the preparation of raw materials; ovens;, 
apparatus for glass blowing; moulds; lathes to engrave and carve: 
appliances for moulding; appliances for cutting, etc. 

3. Window glass, white or colored, channeled, enameled, etc. 
Glass for photography. Convex glass. 

I. Polished or unpolished mirrors. Quick-silvered mirrors. 
Glass for flooring. Beveled mirrors. Glass with relief. 

Glasses; glass and crystals, white or colored, cut and engraved, 
glassware and appliances in glass for scientific usage. 

Artistic glassware. 

Bottles. 

Enamels; their application on glass. 

Mosaic of glass. 

Artificial precious stones. 

Watch crystals; eye glasses. 

Optical glasses. 


30 


Class 73. 

Apparatus and Processes of Heating and Ventilation. 

1. Systems of heating and ventilation. 

Heating by steam, hot water, hot air, and by their, combination. 

Processes of distribution and preparation of steam, hot water, 
hot air, applied separately or in conjunction. 

Natural ventilation. Ventilation by openings or by mechanical 
means and their combination. 

1 Ians and methods for heating and ventilation of buildings, public 
buildings, manufactories, dwellings. 

2. Accessories. 

Grates,- generators peculiar to divers systems of heating. 

Surfaces of transmission of heat of all systems and of all dimen¬ 
sions. Steam or hot water stoves. Steam or hot air batteries. Pipes 
for heating. Hot air furnaces. 

Ventilators and displacers of air. Chimneys or openings. Pro¬ 
cesses for the direct renewal of air in heated or ventilated places. 

3. Apparatus of domestic heating. 

Preparation and cooking of food. 

Fixed or movable stoves and chimneys. 

Appliances for heating with mineral oil and gas. 

Steam kitchen. Kitchen ranges of all systems. Mixed stoves 
used for two purposes at once—for cooking food and heating dwel¬ 
lings. Stoves peculiar to certain food industries. Stoves with fixed 
and movable appliances used for the preparation of food and of 
drinks for many. 

Ventilators put in action by wind or by differences, of tem¬ 
perature. 

Sanitary improvements of kitchens and small apartments by 
means of ventilation. 

4. Accessories for heating and ventilating. 

Instruments of measure and control: thermometers; thermom¬ 
eters investigating at a distance; pyrometers; anemometers; manom¬ 
eters for the measure of weak gaseous pressure and the water level 
in the circulation; steam gauges; registering apparatus of all kinds. 

Apparatus for regulation and distribution: regulators of tem¬ 
perature; regulators of draught; regulators of pressure; automatic 
purifiers of condensed water and air; special faucets for heating 
apparatus. 

5. Accessories of chimney-building. 

Blowers. Radjators for heat and openings for ventilation. 
Grates and chimney backs. Metallic coverings for heating apparatus. 
•Special piping. Chimney-pots and smoke-consumers. 


31 


6. Ceramic products. 

Stoves and chimneys in pottery. Decorated pieces. Pottery of 
all kinds for chimney building. Refractory products for hearths, 
furnaces, stoves and chimneys. 

7. Accessories for heating. 

Hearth articles. Fire lighters. Cinder separators. Tools for 
cleaning and keeping in order. 


Class 74. 

Apparatus and Processes of Lighting other than Electrical. 

Lighting by means of vegetable or mineral oil (petroleum, 
schist, heavy oil, pulverized heavy oil, essenced oil): lamps, burners,, 
lamp chimneys, wicks, etc.; apparatus for domestic lighting, for 
industrial lighting, for public lighting. 

Lightings by gas, lamps, .burners, chimneys; burners for Hat 
flames; Argand burners, recuperation burners, carburation, incan¬ 
descent; apparatus for domestic lighting, for industrial lighting, or 
for public lighting. 

Accessories for lighting: lighters, glasses, globes, shades, 
reflectors, screens, smoke consumers, etc. 


GROUP XIII. 

THREADS, CLOTHS, GARMENTS. 

Class 75. 

materials and Processes of Spinning and Rope-making. 

Machines and processes for the manufacture and spinning of 
textile materials. 

Apparatus and processes for complemental operations : winding 
°n and off of bobbins, retwisting, silk throwing ; mechanical prepa^ 
rations. 

Detached pieces pertaining to spinning and special machines 
serving for their manufacture. 

Apparatus for determining the quality, apparatus of proofs and 
control, and to determine conditions. 

Materials of the workshop of a rope factory. 



Class 76. 


materials and Processes in the manufacture of Textiles. 

Apparatus used for preparatory operations in weaving. Machines 
to lay out the warp, to wind on spools. Stretchers. 

Ordinary and mechanical looms for weaving plain tissues. 
Looms for the manufacture of cloth with designs and jacquard looms. 

Looms for the weaving of hosiery. Materials for the manu¬ 
facture of lace and tulle. 

Materials for the manufacture of trimmings. 

Class 77. 

Apparatus and Processes of Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing and 
Preparation of Textile materials in their 
Divers Conditions. 

1. Apparatus to boil, singe, brush, and to shave tissues. 

Apparatus to wash in lye, to cleanse, to wash, to air, to clean, 
to dry, to moisten the various textile materials, whether in the con¬ 
dition of meshes, of carded, of threads or of cloths. 

Apparatus for boiling and sifting thickenings, and colors. 

Materials for engraving in embossment or in cavity for printing 
on cloth. 

Machines to make silk handkerchiefs, to dye, to print. Appa¬ 
ratus to vaporize. 

Machines of all kinds to prepare textiles for the market; machines 
to press, to alum, to water, to figure. Machines for measuring, 
folding, etc. 

Materials for the treatment of colored silks: machines to thrash, 
to shake, to wring, to give a gloss, etc. 

Sweating houses. Apparatus of a dye house. Appliances to 
bleach by electricity. 

Materials and processes for the bleaching of linen ; lye washing, 
washing and rinsing, drying, ironing and dressing. 

Industries of the dyer: dry cleaning with benzine and its deriva¬ 
tives; damp cleaning; dyeing; dressing. 

2. Specimens of bleached or dyed textile materials of all kinds, 
before spinning and weaving. 

Specimens of thread of cotton, flax, wool, silk, etc., pure or 
mixed, bleached, colored or dyed. 

Specimens of bleached textiles, dyed or printed. 

Specimens of starched threads or textiles. 

Specimens for chemically removing flaws from textile materials 
before spun or woven. 


33 


Class 78. 

Materials and Methods of Sewing and Manufacture of 
Wearing Apparel. 

Ordinary tools used in the industries applied to sewing. 
Machines for cutting cloths, skins, leathers. 

Machines for sewing, for quilting, for hemming, for embroider- 
ing, etc., cloths, braid, straw; to sew leathers, shoes, etc. 

Tailor’s dummies and flat-irons. 

Busts and artificial anatomical figures to exhibit clothing. 
Machines to prepare detached pieces of shoes (for stamping, 
bending, etc.) Machines to pin, screw, tack, to make and shape 
shoes. 

Machines for manufacturing straw and felt hats. 

Class 79. 

Threads and Cotton Goods.* 

Spun and prepared cotton. 

Pure or mixed cotton cloth, plain or designed, unbleached, dyed 
or printed. 

Cotton velvets. 

Cotton ribbons. 

Blankets. 

Class 80. 

Threads and Flax and Hemp Linen. Products of Cordage. 

Thread of flax, hemp, jute, ramie and other vegetable fibers. 
Linen cloths, plain or diapered. Ticking, damasks, cambrics and 
lawns. Plain and fancy handkerchiefs. 

Flax or hemp linen mixed with cotton or silk. 

Linen of vegetable fibers other than those of cotton, flax, hemp, 
jute, ramie, etc. 

Products of cordage: cables, ropes, twines, etc. 

Class 81. 

Threads and Woolen Cloth. 

Combed wool. Threads of combed wool. 

Picked wool. Raveled, unbleached or dyed. Threads of picked 
wool. 

Cloth of combed and picked wool. 

Cloth for ladies’ wear. 

*This class and the three following comprise indifferently the unbleached or 
dyed threads, the unbleached, bleached, dyed, printed and starched cloths. 


34 


Cloth for dresses of combed or picked wool, of wool mixed with 
cotton or silk. 

Muslins, Scotch tweeds, merinos, Chinese satins, serges, etc. 

Cloths of picked wool, milled or slightly milled: Flannels, tar¬ 
tans, swanskins, etc. 

Kent cloths in combed or picked wool. 

Woolen shawls, pure or mixed. Cashmere shawls (so-called). 

Ribbons or trimmings of pure wool or mixed with cotton, flax, 
silk or with floss of silk. 

Hair cloth, pure or mixed. 

Blankets. 

Felt of wool or hair, for carpets, hats, shoes, etc. 

Class 82. 

Silks and Silk Cloths. 

Raw, smooth and twisted silk. 

Floss and waste of silk. 

Threads of floss or of waste of silk. 

Artificial silks. 

Silk cloths, of floss silk or of waste silk, of silk or of floss of 
silk mixed with metallic threads, wool, cotton thread, etc., plain,, 
stitched or diapered; unbleached, dyed or printed. 

Velvets and plushes. . 

Silk ribbons, or of floss silk, pure or mixed. 

Silk shawls, or of floss silk, pure or mixed. 

Class 83. 

Laces, Embroidery, and Trimmings. 

Hand-made laces: laces, blond laces, guipures, with distaffs,, 
needle, crochet; in flax, cotton, silk, wool, metallic and of her threads. 

Laces made by machinery: plain and fancy tulle, imitations of 
laces, blonds and guipures, in threads of all kinds. 

Hand-made embroideries: hand or crochet embroideries, in 
threads of all kinds and upon backgrounds of all kinds (lace, cloths, 
netting, tulle, skin, etc.), including needlework tapestries on canvas, 
as well as embroideries cut applique and adorned with precious- 
stones, beads, jets, spangles of metal or of other products, feathers 
as plumes,, shells, etc. 

Embroideries made by machinery, etc. 

Trimming making : galons, braid or tresses, fringes, tassels and 
ornaments of all kinds, made either by hand or machinery, and trim¬ 
mings for civil and religious garments, uniforms (civil or military) r 


saddlery, carriages, trimmings, etc., spun and laminated plates, metals 
in gold and silver or plated, chenille spangles, and all articles especi¬ 
ally used for trimming. 

Cassocks: ornaments and church linen, alter coverings, banners 
and other objects of worship trimmed with laces, embroideries and 
trimmings. 

Lace curtains, guipure, embroideries on tulle or cloth; shades, 
screens, portieres, mantel piece coverings and all objects of drapery, 
decorated with lace, embroidery or trimmings. 

Class 84. 

Industries of Ready Made and Sewing of Clothing for Men, 
Women and Children. 

Garments to order for men and boys: city attire, hunting, rid¬ 
ing and sporting suitings; uniforms, both military and civic; breeches 
of skin and similar articles; robes and gOwns for magistrates, lawyers, 
and members of the professions, ecclesiasts, etc.; liveries, divers 
costumes for children. 

Ready made garments for men and boys. 

Garments to order fqr women and young girls: Dresses, vests, 
jackets, cloaks, (industries of women’s tailoring, seamsters, dress¬ 
makers and cloak-makers). Riding habits; sporting suits. 

Ready-made garments for women and young girls. Dummies 
for manufacturing. 

Class 85. 

Various Industries of Wearing Apparel. 

Hats: straw, felt and wool hats; fur and silk hats; caps; hatters’ 
supplies. 

Artificial flowers for head dress, for dresses and other use. 
Plumes. Millinery. Hair. 

Shirt-making and haberdashery for men, women and children. 
Hosiery of cotton, wool, silk, floss of silk, etc.; knit hosiery. Cra¬ 
vats and neck-ties. 

Corsets and corset materials. 

Elastic goods, suspenders, garters and belts. 

Manufacture of gloves. 

Men’s, women’s and children’s foot-wear: Boots, low shoes, shoes, 
slippers, pumps, rubbers, soles, findings, etc. Gaiters. Walking 
sticks, whips, riding whips, small parasols, parasols, umbrellas. 

Buttons: Ceramic buttons, metal, trimming buttons, pearl and 
divers shells, horn and bone, papier-mache, etc. Buckles, eyelets. 

Fans: hand screens. 


36 


GROUP XIV. 

CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. 

Class 86. 

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Arts. 

(Apparatus, methods and products.) 

1. Utensils and laboratory apparatus. Enameller’s lamp, blow¬ 
pipes, presses, rooms for artificial temperature for drying, filtering 
electric ovens. 

Apparatus and instruments used in industrial and commercial 
experiments. 

Materials, apparatus and methods of manufacturing chemical 
products, superphosphates, soaps, wax candles, glycerines. 

Apparatus and methods of electrolytic manufacture of oxygen¬ 
ated water, chlorine, chlorals, hypochlorates, soda and divers chemical 
products. 

Apparatus and methods of manufacture of vegetable essences, 
varnishes, india rubber for the trade, succedaneums, india rubber 
and goods of gutta-percha. 

Apparatus and methods of treatment of mineral matters useful 
for lighting, heating, greasing: Coals, schists, petroleum, ozocerite. 

Apparatus and methods of treatment of water for manufacturing 
purposes in order to permit their being returned to the streams 
(chemical or by electrical methods). 

Apparatus used in the preparation of wood carbon in closed ves¬ 
sel, and the manufacture of derived products: methylic alcohol, 
acetone, ascetic acid, tar. 

Apparatus and methods for compression and liquification of 
gases. 

Apparatus and methods for manufacturing artificial textiles. 

Apparatus and methods for manufacturing pharmaceutical 
products. 

2. Acids, alkali, salts of all kinds. 

Refined sulphur and derivatives of sulphur. 

Phosphorus. 

Oxygenated water; ozone. 

Sea salts and products through treatment of natural water. 

Divers products of chemical industries: waxes and oily sub¬ 
stances, soaps, wax candles, glycerine, rosin, tar, and derived sub¬ 
stances ; paste, gelatine, essences, varnishes, divers glazings, 
printing inks, waxings. 

India rubber for the trade, gutta percha. 

Tincture fluids and colorings. 


37 


Products derived from the treatment of raw materials used for 
lighting, heating and greasing. Refined petroleum. Paraffine. 

Products of the carbonization of wood in closed vessels. 

Debased alcohol for manufacturing purposes. 

Liquified gases. 

Artificial textiles. 

Raw materials of pharmacy; simple and compound medicines. 

Class 87. 

Manufacture of Paper. 

(Raw materials, implements, methods and products.) 

1. Collections of raw materials used for manufacturing paper 
and paste board. 

2. Materials and methods of manufacturing hand made paper. 

Materials and methods of manufacturing paper by machinery. 

Tools and methods of manufacturing pastes; pastes of rag (picking, 
sorting, diluting, bolting; washing; dyeing, rinsing and draining; 
tritulation; bleaching and washing; refining, pasting, coloration* 
charging, etc.); paste of straw, paste of alfa (sorting, crushing, 
mincing, lye washing and washing; grinding, bleaching; washing 
and draining, etc.); chemical wood paste (grating, epuration, drying); 
chemical wood paste, paste semi-chemical (division, lye washing, 
washing, reduction in pulp, bleaching, etc.) 

Machines for continuous paper. 

Paper-cutting machines. Machines to smooth, to calender. 

Tools and methods for manufacturing special papers. 

Materials and methods for manufacturing card boards. 

3.. High price and cheap book paper. Chinese paper. Jap¬ 
anese, imitation Japanese, vellum, paper of animal glue, etc. Papers 
for newspapers and posters. Paper for graphic arts, for photo¬ 
graphy, for catography. Paper for bank notes. Paper for station¬ 
ery; writing paper, envelops, etc. Cigarette paper. Parchment. 
Silk paper. Paper for caterers and manufacturing artificial flowers. 
Paper for packing, wrapping; waxed paper, oiled paper. Paper used 
in the manufacture of pyrotechnic and all kinds of fire works. Paper 
for telegraphy. Papier-mache, compressed, card board, posters, 
imitations of lacquer. Bitmus paper. Parchment papers for 
envelops and endosmos. Filter paper for manufacturing beer, etc. 
All varieties of pasteboard. 


38 


Class 88. 

Hides and Pelts. 

(Raw materials, implements, methods and products.) 

1. Raw hides. 

Tannin and tannin extracts. 

Divers raw materials used in the preparation of hides and pelts. 

2. Material and methods of tanneries, of currying, of manu¬ 
facturing chamois leather, of tawing, and, in general, of the various 
preparations to which hides and skins are submitted. 

3. Tanned leather. Curried leather. Patent leather. Moroccos 
and dressed morocco leather. Tawed leather. Chamois leather. 
Parchment leather. 

Class 89. 

Perfumery. 

(Raw materials, implements, methods and products.) 

1. Raw materials, such as essences, extracts of flowers in fat 
bodies, essential oils obtained by some dissolvents, distilled waters, 
etc.; raw materials in French manufactures; imported raw materials, 
prepared or unprepared. 

2. Materials for manufacturing, machines to crush or pulverize, 
appliances for infusion, presses, agitators for extracting, mixers for 
pomatum and soaps, crushers for forming into a ball or cake, re¬ 
ceivers and divers appliances, etc. 

3. Made products: Soaps, toilet waters, perfumed oils, poma¬ 
tums, perfumed essences, scent bags, extracts and odoriferous waters, 
perfumed powders, dentifrices, toilet vinegars, paints, dyes for the 
hair, etc. 

Class 90. 

Manufacture of Tobacco and Matches. 

(Apparatus, methods and products.) 

1. Tobaccos. 

Culture and raw materials. 

Implements for manufacturing. Industrial architecture. 

Apparatus for laboratories. 

Manufactured products. 

2. Matches. 

Raw materials. 

Manufacturing implements. Industrial architecture. 

Apparatus for laboratories. 

Manufactured products. 


39 


# 


GROUP XV. 

VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 


Class 91. 


Stationery. 


(Implements, methods and products.) 

1. Special tools and methods for manufacturing the prepara- 
tion of articles of stationery, registers, copy-books, envelops, paper 
bags, boarding for books, etc. 


2. Taper and paste-board transformed: Paper ruled, edged 
figured; envelops, pockets, bags, school copy-books, memorandum 
books, note books, copying letters books, registers, letter files, menu 
cards, playing cards, boarding for books, cases, books of cigarette 
paper; general office supplies: Inks, pens, pen-holders, pencil case, 
seals and mucilage, paper-press, ink-stands. 

Materials for the arts of painting, architecture, sculpture and 
drawing: Canvas, panels, pencils, brushes, painters’ brushes; mathe¬ 
matical instruments for architects for using nitric acid, for eno-ravers 
sculptors; canvas and paper for tracing, parchment, paints, var- 
ms es, charcoal, pastels, stumps, lay figures, easels, water colors 
boxes and other articles known as artists’ supplies. 


Class 92. 

Cutlery. 


(Implements, methods and products.) 

1. Special machinery for manufacturing cutlerv. namely, ma- 
terials for grinding and polishing. 

2. Table cutlery; cutlery with closing and fixed blades. 

Cutleiy for horticulture, viticulture and various industries. 
Manufacturing of scissors, small work-boxes. 

Razors of all kinds. 

Fine hardware in plated steel. 

Small wares for jewelers. 


Class 93. 

Gold and Silver Ware. 

(Implements, methods and products.) 

1. Special machinery for manufacturing small instruments for 
melting- metal; machinery (lathes, pendulum); galvanoplastic tools. 
Methods of manufacture. 


40 


2 * anc ^ silverware for private and religious use; smithery 

of gold, silver, bronze and other metals; plated smithery; platiim in 
gold and silver by all processes. 

Enameling; enamel for gold and silver smiths, enamel paints to 
use on metal. 

Class 94. 

Jewelry. 

(Implements, methods and products). 

1. Special machinery for manufacturing. Methods of work. 

2. Fine jewelry. 

Lapidary: diamond cutting; cutting precious stones; engraving 
on precious stories; engraving on hard cameos and shells. 

Gold jewelry: gold jewelry for exportation under standard. 
Silver jewelry, platinum, aluminum. Jewelry adorned with precious 
stones. 

Imitation stones. Imitation of precious stones, of pearls. 

Gold-plated jewelry; imitation of jewelry in copper and other 
metals; steel jewelry; mourning jewelry, in jet and glass; coral 
jewelry, amber and mother-of-pearl. 


Class 95. 

Clock Making. 

(Machinery, methods and products). 

1. Special material for manufacturing clocks : small plants ; 
mechanical tools (lathes and other machine tools); apparatus for 
measuring. 

2. Preparation of various metals used in the manufacture of 
watches and clocks. 

Detached pieces and supplies for clockmaking. 

Springs; watch cases in precious or common metals; jewels and 
assortments of rubies and other stones; dials in enamel and other 
material. 

Clocks for buildings. 

Astronomical clocks; chronometers for the navy. 

Clocks run by electricity, water and air; regulators; alarm 
clocks. 

Watches; chronometers. 

Metronomes; podometers; various computers. 

Water clocks and time glasses. 

Chimes connected with clock machinery. 


41 


Class 96. 

Bronze Castings, Artistic Iron Founderies, Embossed Metals. 

(Machinery, methods and products). 

1. Special machinery for manufacturing; types of founderies ; 
models and molds; tools for carved work and for embossing metals, 
mechanical reduction by Collas and other processes. 

2. Bronzes, castings and products of artistic iron foundery 
(except objects accounted for under Class 65). 

Zincs in arts. 

Embossed, stamped, damasked. 

Class 97- 

Brushes, Morocco Leather, Fancy Turning, Wicker=Work. 

(Implements, methods and products). 

1. Tools and methods used in manufacturing brushes, objects 
of dressed morocco leather, and wicker-work, and of fancy wood 
turning. 

2. Brushes: Toilet brushes, scrubbing and stable brushes, com¬ 
mon brushes; brushes for house decorating and for artists, calcimin- 
ers and painters. Feather dusters. 

Goods of dressed morocco leather: Trusses, traveling bags, 
sheaths, purses, pocket-books, book-bags, note-books, cigar-cases; 
small furniture and fancy objects in hides; clasps for bags and 
purses. 

Fancy wood-work: Dressing cases and small fancy furniture; 
liquor cases, glove boxes; pipes and implements for smoking; snuff¬ 
boxes; combs for toilet and other purposes, in ivory, in turtle shell, 
in horn, in celluloid, box-wood, etc.; various objects in gum-lac- 
small bronze objects. 

Wicker work: baskets with or without cover for ordinary use; 
fancy basket work for caterers, ornaments, traveling, etc. 

Goods in esparto. 

Class 98.. 

India Rubber and Gutta Percha Industries. 

(Machinery, methods and products.—Objects for travel and camping.) 

1. Machinery and methods of manufacturing india rubber and 
gutta percha goods. 

2. General products of india rubber and gutta percha industry. 

Ti unks, valises, sacks, saddle-bags, traveling and dressing 

cases and trusses; cases and boxes for packing goods. 


42 


Locks and other fittings to trunks, valises, etc.; pillows, water¬ 
proof clothing and shoes. Alpine sticks; grapnels, parasols. Vari¬ 
ous objects necessary to travelers. 

Portable materials especially designed for scientific travels and 
expeditions; work^eases and trunks for geologists, mineralogists 
naturalists, colonists, pioneers, etc. 

Tents and their accessories. Beds, hammocks, seats, folding 
chairs and other objects for camping purposes. 

Class 99. 

Toys and Sporting Goods. 

1. Implements and methods of manufacturing toys and sporting 
goods. 

2. Toys: dolls and accessories; metal toys; house-keeping toys; 
children’s watches; mechanical toys; singing birds; arms and equip¬ 
ments for children; musical instruments; small furniture; horses, 
animals, carriages; toys of india rubber, and of gold-beater’s skin, 
etc.; scientific and instructive toys, etc. 

Games for children and adults: crouquet, bats, balls, etc. 

GROUP XVI. 

SOCIAL ECONOMY—HYGIENE—PUBLIC CHARITIES. 

Class 100. 

Apprenticeship—Protection of Child Labor. 

Apprenticeship in workshops: regulations; contracts; relation 
between the employer and employes. Methods of learning trades; 
results. 

Technical instruction given to children in the schools or in free 
courses founded either by manufacturers or by artisans. 

Professional instruction in industrial or agricultural orphanages; 
in gratuitous industrial schools for girls; in schools for housekeep¬ 
ing and similar establishments. 

Protection of child labor: legislation concerning child labor; 
benevolent societies. 

Class l'Ol. 

Wages—Participation in the Profits. 

Recruiting of industrial and farm laborers. 

Manner of fixing and amount of salaries; work by the day, job, 
or piece; bidding; bonus or additional salaries. Natural remunera¬ 
tions. System of work. Inducements to work and concerning 


48 



duration of services. Payment of salaries. Connection between 
salaiies and cost of living. Contest about the fixing and regulation 
of salaries. 

Participation in the profits: forms of participation; proportion 
and basis in the distribution of a share of the profits to the clerks 
and laborers. Powers of the employer for managing his enterprise 
and for discharging or taking new hands; control of accounts; 
methods of turning the percentage of participation to advantage; 
material and moral results. Leasing of farms on percentage of pro¬ 
duction. * 1 

Class 102. 


Large and Small Industries—Cooperative Associations of 
Production and Credit—Professional Syndicates. 

Statistics and documents concerning the concentration of indus¬ 
tries m large manufactories; small workshops; home industries. 
Kesults compared as to material and moral standing. Dull seasons 
closing of factories. Industrial and agricultural unions. Manner of 
living and financial standing of workmen’s families. 

Workmen’s co-operative association of production; manner of 
orma ion of capital; constitution of the management; distribution 
of the profits; remuneration of auxiliaries; advantages reserved to 
the state. 

Co-operative associations of credit: object and nature of societies- 
constitution of capital; number and situation of partners; extent of 
their responsibility; management; operations; book-keeping; divi¬ 
dends; relations with other credit firms; state subsidy. Material 
and moral results. Popular banks. 

Professional syndicates; syndicates of employers, of clerks, or of 
laborers; mixed syndicates. Relation between organized workers ' 
employers, or organized employers, and non-union men. Strikes’ 
their cause and effect. Obligatory or optional arbitration. 


Class 103. 

Agriculture on a Large or Small Scale-Agricultural 
Syndicates and Banks. 


Division of the property and the working of the soil. Mobility 
of the property, intervention of the law in distribution, the disposi¬ 
tion or transmission of soil. Usual peculiarities characteristic to any 
property. Condition of the personnel on large, medium andsmaU 
farms, condition of the farmers who lease their farms for a percent¬ 
age of production; manner of cultivation; condition of the farm 
laboiei, manner of living and budget of the laborers’ families 
Emigration from the country into cities and to foreign lands 


,44 


Agricultural syndicates; services rendered by these syndicates 
for the purchase of farm implements, fertilization, of seeding, live 
stock, for popularizing good methods of cultivation, for the sale of 
products, etc. 

Agricultural credit: credit by mortgage; wages as security; 
credit given upon crops stored in warehouses; personal credit. 
Banks of landed and agricultural credit; associations of mutual 
credit, etc. 

Class 104. 

Safety of Workshops—Regulation of Work. 

Inherent risks to various industrial professions. Statistics of 
accidents. 

Personal responsibility of employers in case of accidents. 

Individual or employers liability insurance for the benefit of the 
workingmen against accidents by working premiums ; arbitrary 
detention from salaries for payment of premiums; levying for the 
same cause upon general expenses or profits; adjustment of claims, 
obligatory or optional insurance. State banks. Insurance com¬ 
panies. 

Insurance for the profit of employers against their personal 
responsibility in case of accidents. 

Legislation upon hours of labor. 

Laws and regulations upon hygiene and the security of work¬ 
men in industrial workshops. 

Influence of these laws and rules upon the health and security of 
workingmen, upon their wages, upon the condition of their families, 
and upon the cost price of products. 

Inspection of work in factories and workshops. 

Class 105. 

Workmen’s Dwellings. 

Plans and specimens of healthy and cheap dwellings. 

Individual houses built by employers, commercial or philanthro¬ 
pic societies, workmen. Houses without rent or at reduced rent; to 
rent with the right to own the property after a certain time. Loans 
to workmen who build themselves, etc. Tenement houses. 

Houses furnished for single workingmen. 

Help of the State, communities, savings banks. 

Material and moral results. 


45 


Class 106 . 

Co-operative Companies Dealing in Provisions. 

Co-operative stores and especially co-operative stores of food 
supplies (bakery, meat-market, restaurant, etc.): origin, object, and 
foim of societies; constitution of capital; number and standing of 
member; management; buying; manufacturing; selling prices to 
members only; selling at cost price, at wholesale and retail prices or 
at intermediate prices; condition for payment; selling clerk; book¬ 
keeping; dividends; material and moral results. ' 

Managers appointed by the stockholders. System of co-opera¬ 
tive stores and management expenses compared to membership fees. 

Particular cases of associations or stewartships created by rail¬ 
road agents for their profit. 

Competition with local commerce; effects. 

Class 107 . 

Institutions for the Intellectual and Horal Development 
of the Workmen. 

Institutions of instructions created by employers for the benefit 
of their workmen. Conferences. Societies of mutual instruction. 
Libraries. Museums, collections. 

Workmen’s clubs: personnel; administration, financial govern¬ 
ment; refreshments and games; admission of the families of the 
members and of the public. 

, Musical societies, shooting clubs, sports, etc., formed by either 
employers or by workingmen. Various organizations for recreation. 

Class 108 . 

Institutions for Future Provision. 

. Swings: national savings banks, postal and school banks, etc.; 
savings banks placed under state supervision; savings societies for 
the co-operative purchase of bonds drawing prizes, various systems 
for encouraging saving; systems for the provisional conservation or 
the definite investment of the individual or collective savings of 
workmen and clerks; the constitution of the patrimony of the work¬ 
men during employment at the works. • 

Societies for mutual aid: Legislative advantages reserved to 
societies according to their legal status; formation; organization and 
administration; connection with other institutions; benefit in case of 
sickness, care, medicines; aid while out of work, benefit to the aged, 
retiring pensions, insurances; benefit in case of death; admission of 
women, benefit during child birth; receipts and expenses. Statistics 
of diseases. 


46 


Annuity deposits: State, County and City. Banks: Banks 
formed by the workmen or clerks. Obligatory or optional deposits 
of employers, clerks and laborers. Drawing at will on salaries. 
Conditions of possession and quota of pensions. Revertibility to the 
widows and the children. 

Life insurance: in case of death, endowments maturing at fixed 
time, sold by the State, syndicates, or insurance companies. Prem¬ 
iums paid by workmen, by employers, by societies created for that 
purpose. Tables of mortality. 

Various provident institutions. Benefit given by the employers 
in case of sickness or of temporary closing of factories. 

Class 109. 

Public or Private Initiative for Improving Welfare of Citizens. 

Laws called moral obligations (obligatory insurance and forming 
retirement pensions; weekly rest, etc.) 

Laws and rules enacted by the public voice, institutions founded 
or subsidized by them for the purpose of completing personal initia¬ 
tive, to govern and to be substituted for it; intervention of the 
powers in contracts-Jof exchange and work; State and municipal 
socialism. Regulation of work and salaries; credit or grants to the 
workmen or to societies of workmen; economical dwellings built by 
the municipality or with its aid; intervention in conflicts between 
the employer and the workmen; subsidy for strikers; national wood- 
yards; construction and running of roads of transportation; distribu¬ 
tion of water and light; bread and meat tax; bakeries, butcher-shops, 
and other establishments of the same kind, created and managed by 
the community; proper arrangements to favor or restrict immigra¬ 
tion or emigration, etc. 

Employment offices; their objects and results. 

Museums of social economy. 

Bureau of labor. 

Employing bureaus with or without monopoly. 

Workingmen’s Exchanges. 

Comparative social conditions of the nations. 

Class 110. 

Hygiene. 

1. Science of hygiene. 

History. Statement of progress of hygiene. Application of 
Pasteur’s discoveries to the prophylactic remedies to infectious dis¬ 
eases. Laboratories; chemistry and bacteriology applied to hygiene. 


47 


Researches upon the transmissibility of infectious diseases. Methods 
and apparatus for disinfecting. Process of retaining and bringing 
Rure water, designed to prevent contamination. 

2. Individual and home hygiene. 1 

Precautionary measures against transmissible diseases. 

Immunity: Anti-small-pox and antirabie vaccinations, etc. 
Application of the rules of hygiene in selecting of building materials, 
heating and ventilating appliances, light, and lighting. Usao-e of 
water, bathing and hydrotherapeutic apparatus. Drainage. 

’ Hygiene in public buildings and tenement houses. 

Schools, factories and workshops, hospitals, asylums, sanato- 
rmnis, halls, theatres, etc. 


4* Hygiene in country towns. 

Indispensable conditions for the salubrity of country houses. 
Municipal sanitary regulations. Rules for public ways; dumping 
grounds, removing garbage, transportation and utilization of o- a rba°-e° 
Protection of the water supplies. ® ' 


5. Hygiene and improvements of cities. 

Public ways. C leanliness of public streets; drainage; sweeping* 
dimensions of houses, height, number and height of floors; dimensions 
and ventilation of occupied rooms; dimensions of back yards; clean¬ 
ing of water closets; systems for bringing waters to the cities;* 
processes of filtration and sterilization; discharge of waste matters; 
disinfection of sewers; fields of irrigation; utilization of city garbage. 

Municipal sanitary systems: Board of health; processes of col¬ 
lective defense against transmissable diseases; removal of persons 
having contagious diseases, isolation; disinfection of contaminated 
effects and dwellings; inspection of victuals; the keeping of slauo-hter- 
houses and of special slaughter-houses. Municipal laboratories- 
cemeteries; apparatus for cremation. 


6. Defense of the frontiers against pestilences. 

Inland highways: medical inspection ' at the frontier* 
and disinfecting at frontier stations. 


infirmaries 


Sea highways: Cleanliness of ports. Sanitary services in the 
ports; pest-houses, sanitary stations: medical services and disinfection 
on vessels. 


*For technical part see classes 28 and 29. 


48 


7. Food commodities and provisions. 

Control of food commodities, search for adulterations; methods 
for the preservation of food products. Inspection of artificial and 
natural mineral waters. Ordinary provisions: progress realized in 
hygienic measures. 

8. Mineral waters and sanatoriums. 

Analysis of mineral waters; method of storagef and the appro¬ 
priation of springs. Various medical properties of mineral waters 
and apparatus used to apply them: pools, halls for inhalation, pul¬ 
verization, etc. 

Sanatoriums, hot springs: general arrangement of grounds; 
orientation; covered promenade. 

Hot Springs establishments: cabins, baths, shower-baths; pre¬ 
ventive “antisepsie” especially in the stations frequented by people 
•having tuberculosis; methods in bottling and preserving waters. 

9. Sanitary statistics and legislation. 

Child death before birth. Statement of causes of death. 

Death from epidemics. Sanitary legislation. 

Class 111. 

Public Assistance. 

1. Generalities . 

Historical documents: legislation; material organization; actual 
modes of assistance: by the government, by districts, provinces, 
departments, cantons, villages, parishes; communities; private offer¬ 
ings. Legislation. Ways and means; financial system. 

2. Protection and assistance of children . 

General organization for protecting and assisting children. 

Protection and assistance of children before birth (by the pro¬ 
tection and assistance of mothers): work houses; maternal mutuality; 
secret maternity; ordinary maternity; houses of convalescence. 

Protection and assistance of children after birth: infant asylum, 
institutions for infants, foundlings, children abandoned morally or 
otherwise, orphans. 

Assistance for sick and infirm children: dispensaries, hospitals, 
alms-houses, etc. 

3. Assistance to adults. 

Assistance to people bodily sound: mutual assistance; bureau of 
charities; assistance by work; night hospitality; poor-houses. 


f For technical part see class 62. 


49 


Class 116. 

Military Engineers and Their Duties. 

Material of engineering. 

Construction of railways. 

Study of sketches and construction of railroads in colonies. 

Home and colonial barracks. 

Electricity and application of electricity. 

Military aerostation. 

Telegraphs and telephones. 

Bridges. 

Class 117. 

Naval Engineering—^Hydraulic Appliances—Torpedoes. 

Man-of-war: hulls and accessories; motor apparatus and evapo¬ 
rators; auxiliary appliances; armament material. 

Tools and products of arsenals. 

Applications of electricity. 

Hydraulic appliances. 

Torpedoes, offensive and defensive. 

Schools. Drawings. Photography. 

Salvage. Stations. 

Class 118. 

Cartography—Hydrography—Various Instruments. 

Geographic service of armies: geodesy, topography, cartography; 
and plans in relief; optical instruments, instruments of precision; 
photographic apparatus; military bibliography. 

Hydrographic service for the navy: maps; scientific instruments; 
instruments of navigation; maritime bibliography. 

Class 119. 

nilitary and Naval Administrative Functions. 

Clothing, equipment, bedding, encampment, and camping of land 
armies, of baggage trains, of troops and marines. * 

Apparatus and various tools used for administrative duties. 
Alimentation: war bakeries; alimentary canned goods. Appa¬ 
ratus for the preservation of food. 

Musical instruments. 

Horseshoeing staff; harnessing of horses. 

Sea fisheries. 


52 


Class 120. 


Hygiene and Sanitary Haterials. 

Medical corps of land armies in time of peace and during cam¬ 
paigns. Apparatus and methods for removing wounded soldiers. 

Marine health service. Apparatus and methods of removing 
the wounded. 

Red Cross Societies for helping the wounded. 

Filters and other appliances for purifying water. 


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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS „ 


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